Breast cancer: What every woman needs to know

Breast Cancer Awareness Month is a time to support survivors, remember those lost to the disease and remind women to put their health first. Beyond the pink ribbons and community events, one of the most important lessons is that breast cancer can appear without obvious warning signs.

Many women feel completely well when breast cancer is found during a routine mammogram. There may be no pain, no noticeable lump and no visible change. Regular screening can catch the disease before symptoms appear, often when treatment has a better chance of working.

When to schedule a mammogram

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force advises mammograms every two years for women ages 40 through 74 at average risk. The American Cancer Society recommends that women begin annual screening at age 40, continue yearly mammograms from ages 45 through 54, and then choose annual or every-other-year screening starting at age 55. Women with certain risk factors may need to start earlier or be screened more often. A healthcare provider can help determine the right plan.

Signs to watch for

Breast cancer does not always cause pain, and a lump is not the only possible symptom. Warning signs can include a new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm, changes in breast size or shape, skin dimpling, swelling, unusual nipple discharge, a nipple turning inward or ongoing breast pain. Not every change means cancer, but any new or unusual symptom should be checked by a healthcare professional. Women should not wait for their next scheduled mammogram if they notice a concerning change.

Family history and other risk factors

Having a close relative with breast cancer can raise a woman’s risk. Still, most women diagnosed with the disease do not have a known family history. Risk from both the mother’s and father’s sides of the family matters. Women with a strong family history should discuss their risk with a healthcare provider.

Dense breast tissue can also increase risk and make abnormalities harder to spot on mammograms. Women with dense breasts should ask whether extra screening is appropriate. Although it is uncommon, men can develop breast cancer as well.

Do not put off screening or follow-up

An abnormal mammogram does not automatically mean cancer. Further imaging or a biopsy may be needed, and most women who are called back after screening do not have breast cancer. Even so, it is important to complete any recommended follow-up. Women worried about the cost of screening may qualify for free or low-cost services through Louisiana's Breast and Cervical Health Program. Learning how your breasts normally look and feel can help you notice changes, but self-exams do not replace mammograms.

Breast Cancer Awareness Month is about more than wearing pink. It is about taking action, supporting one another and encouraging the people we love to care for their health. You do not have to feel sick to need a mammogram. You do not have to find a lump to have breast cancer. Know your risk, pay attention to changes and stay up to date with recommended screenings. Early detection can save lives. Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Cancer Society; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.